This is the documentation for the HIPS 2022 & 2023 Dataset.

Variable Definitions And Notes

Each of the following variables includes notes on how the trait was collected and the original data file the data was taken from and any specific notes regarding errors or data cleaning done. Variables are listed by the name used in the final version of the data set. For all quantitative variables, observations an order of magnitude larger than other observations, those appearing as extreme outliers in histograms, and those appearing outside the primary bounds of the distribution for the location were dropped from the data set.

qrCode

Definition: This is the QR code assigned to the plot.
Units: NA
Raw Data Sources: This information for the 2022 Lincoln location hybrids was taken from the sheet ‘Combined Dataset’ in the file ‘Summary of Lincoln Hybrid HIPS 2022 Data.xlsx’. This information for hybrids in the Scottsbluff, Missouri Valley, and North Platte locations in 2022 was taken from the file ‘HybridHIPS_plotlevelNIR$_v2.6.csv’, and this information for inbreds in these locations and Lincoln in 2022 was taken from the file ‘2022 Inbred HIPS Ear Data - Turkus Curated 231117.csv’. This information for the Ames and Crawfordsville locations in 2022 was taken from the unique id field in the sheets ‘RawData (4-Row)’ and ‘RawData (2-Row)’ in the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’. In 2023, this information was taken from the unique id field in the sheets ‘4-row plots’ and ‘2-row plots’ in the file ‘2023_yield_ICIA_v3.xlsx’ for the Ames and Crawfordsville locations. For the North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley 2023 locations, this information was taken from the sheets ‘North Platte Hybrids - Index’, ‘Lincoln Hybrids - Index’, ‘Lincoln Inbreds - Index’, ‘Missouri Valley Hybrids - Index’, and ‘Missouri Valley Inbreds - Index’ in the file ‘Summary of HIPS 2023 Maps for Fields Visited by J Schanble Lab.xlsm’.
Data Processing Notes: These were maintained as in the original data, but were converted to all uppercase.

location

Definition: This is the location the plot was grown in. In the case of North Platte 2022, it is treated as 3 separate locations to account for the duplication of range and row numbers across the different irrigation levels.
Units: NA
Raw Data Sources: NA
Data Processing Notes: NA

sublocation

Definition: This is the field within the location the plot was grown in.
Units: NA
Raw Data Sources: In all locations except Ames and Crawfordsville in 2022, this is the same as the location. This is information for the Ames and Crawfordsville 2022 locations was determined based on experiment code, which was dependent on the nitrogen level and the field maps.
Data Processing Notes: NA

irrigationProvided

Definition: This is the total amount of water in inches provided to the plot via irrigation over the course of the growing season.
Units: inches
Raw Data Sources: This information for Lincoln, Missouri Valley, Ames, and Crawfordsville sites was taken from personal communications indicating no irrigation was applied to these sites during either growing season. This information for the 2022 Scottsbluff site was taken from personal communications. This information for the 2022 North Platte locations was taken from the file ‘2022_HIPS_Irrigation_North_Platte.xlsx’. This information for the 2023 North Platte location was taken from the file ‘2023_Irrigation_North_Platte.xlsx’.
Data Processing Notes: NA

nitrogenTreatment

Definition: This is the categorical level of nitrogen fertilizer the plot was supplied with. Plots denoted as ‘Low’ received a rate of 75 lbs/acre. Plots denoted as ‘Medium’ received a rate between 150 and 175 lbs/acre. Plots denoted as ‘High’ received a rate between 225 and 250 lbs/acre.
Units: NA
Raw Data Sources: This information for the 2022 Lincoln location hybrids was taken from the sheet ‘Combined Dataset’ in the file ‘Summary of Lincoln Hybrid HIPS 2022 Data.xlsx’. This information for hybrids in the Scottsbluff, Missouri Valley, and North Platte locations in 2022 was taken from the file ‘HybridHIPS_plotlevelNIR$_v2.6.csv’, and this information for inbreds in these locations and Lincoln in 2022 was taken from the file ‘2022 Inbred HIPS Ear Data - Turkus Curated 231117.csv’. This information for the Ames and Crawfordsville locations in 2022 was based on the experiment codes, which were dependent on the nitrogen treatment. In 2023, this information was taken from the N level field in the sheets ‘4-row plots’ and ‘2-row plots’ in the file ‘2023_yield_ICIA_v3.xlsx’ for the Ames and Crawfordsville locations. For the North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley 2023 locations, this information was taken from the sheets ‘North Platte Hybrids - Index’, ‘Lincoln Hybrids - Index’, ‘Lincoln Inbreds - Index’, ‘Missouri Valley Hybrids - Index’, and ‘Missouri Valley Inbreds - Index’ in the file ‘Summary of HIPS 2023 Maps for Fields Visited by J Schanble Lab.xlsm’.
Data Processing Notes: In Scottsbluff, based on the yield and grain protein content data, the labels in the plot maps and the QR codes for high and low nitrogen treatments were flipped. The QR codes are as originally scanned, and this field reflects the correction of this error.

poundsOfNitrogenPerAcre

Definition: This is the rate of nitrogen fertilization the plot received, in pounds per acre.
Units: lbs N/acre
Raw Data Sources: This information for each plot was based on the data documentation for each field and the nitrogenTreatment and location the plot belongs to. For the Missouri Valley, Ames, and Crawfordsville location in 2022, this information was taken from the ‘Basic info’ sheet in the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’. For the Missouri Valley, Ames, and Crawfordsville locations in 2023, this information was taken from the ‘Basic info’ sheet in the file ‘2023_yield_ICIA_v3.xlsx’.
Data Processing Notes: NA

experiment

Definition: This is the experiment code the plot belonged to, corresponding to nitrogen levels within a population (i.e. hybrid or inbred) within a location for the Missouri Valley, Ames, and Crawfordsville locations.
Units: NA
Raw Data Sources: This information was taken from the ‘Basic info’ sheet in the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’ for 2022 and ‘2023_yield_ICIA_v3.xlsx’ for 2023. Experiment codes were not assigned to Lincoln, North Platte, and Scottsbluff locations.
Data Processing Notes: NA

plotLength

Definition: This is the planted length of the plot in feet.
Units: feet
Raw Data Sources: This information for North Platte 2022 was taken from the sheets ‘No Irr Data’, ‘Reduced Irr Data’, and ‘Full Data’ in the file ‘2022_Schnable_HIPS_data_v4.xlsx’. For both 2022 and 2023, this information for the Lincoln location was taken from personal communications with Jon Turkus. This information for Missouri Vallley, Scottsbluff, Ames, and Crawfordsville in 2022 and 2023 was taken from personal communications with Lisa Coffey.
Data Processing Notes: NA

totalStandCount

Definition: This is the number of standing plants in two rows. In the case of hybrids, this is the middle two rows of the four-row plot, and in the case of inbreds, both rows of the two-row plot.
Units: NA
Raw Data Sources: This information (‘Stand’) for Missouri Valley, Crawfordsville, and Ames in 2022 was taken from the sheets ‘RawData (4-Row)’ and ‘RawData (2-Row)’ for hybrids and inbreds, respectively, in the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’. This information for North Platte 2022 was taken from the sheets ‘No Irr Data’, ‘Reduced Irr Data’, and ‘Full Data’ in the file ‘2022_Schnable_HIPS_data_v4.xlsx’ as the sum of the columns ‘R1 Stand’ and ‘R2 Stand’. This data was not collected for the hybrid field at Lincoln in 2022. This information for inbreds in Lincoln in 2022 was taken from the sheet ‘Comparison’ in the file ‘2022 SAM Stand Counts - Summary.xlsx’. This data was not collected in 2023 in Ames, Crawfordsville, or Missouri Valley. This information for hybrids in 2023 in Lincoln was taken from the file ‘2023HYB_HIPS_standing_count.csv’. This information for the 2023 Lincoln inbreds was taken from the file ‘2023SAM_standing_count.csv’. This information for the North Platte 2023 location was taken from sheet ‘Data’ in the file ‘2023 Schnable hips_data_v2.xlsx’.
Data Processing Notes: In the 2023 inbreds, values greater than 50 were visual outliers and converted to missing values.

block

Definition: This is the block number of the plot within a sublocation. These values were assigned based on the location, sublocation, and rep number [not included] associated with a plot.
Units: NA
Raw Data Sources: This information for the Lincoln 2022 location hybrids was taken from the sheet ‘Combined Dataset’ in the file ‘Summary of Lincoln Hybrid HIPS 2022 Data.xlsx’. This information for the hybrids in the 2022 Scottsbluff, Missouri Valley, and North Platte locations was taken from the file ‘HybridHIPS_plotlevelNIR$_v2.6.csv’, and this information for inbreds in these locations and Lincoln in 2022 was taken from the file ‘2022 Inbred HIPS Ear Data - Turkus Curated 231117.csv’. This information for the 2022 Missouri Valley, Ames, and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the sheets ‘RawData (4-Row)’ and ‘RawData (2-Row)’ in the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’. In 2023, this information was taken from the N level field in the sheets ‘4-row plots’ and ‘2-row plots’ in the file ‘2023_yield_ICIA_v3.xlsx’ for the Ames and Crawfordsville locations. For the North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley 2023 locations, this information was taken from the sheets ‘North Platte Hybrids - Index’, ‘Lincoln Hybrids - Index’, ‘Lincoln Inbreds - Index’, ‘Missouri Valley Hybrids - Index’, and ‘Missouri Valley Inbreds - Index’ in the file ‘Summary of HIPS 2023 Maps for Fields Visited by J Schanble Lab.xlsm’. When the rep number was odd, the block number assigned was also odd. The same convention was maintained for even rep numbers.
Data Processing Notes: The rep numbers were misassigned in the QR codes used for ear phenotypes and NIR measurements for the 2022 Missouri Valley hybrids, and have been corrected in the block column in the dataset.

row

Definition: This is the row number within a sublocation the plot was located in.
Units: NA
Raw Data Sources: This information for the 2022 Lincoln location hybrids was taken from the sheet ‘Combined Dataset’ in the file ‘Summary of Lincoln Hybrid HIPS 2022 Data.xlsx’. This information for hybrids in the 2022 Scottsbluff, Missouri Valley, and North Platte locations was taken from the file ‘HybridHIPS_plotlevelNIR$_v2.6.csv’, and this information for inbreds in these locations and Lincoln in 2022 was taken from the file ‘2022 Inbred HIPS Ear Data - Turkus Curated 231117.csv’. This information for the 2022 Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the sheets ‘RawData (4-Row)’ and ‘RawData (2-Row)’ in the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’. In 2023, this information was taken from the N level field in the sheets ‘4-row plots’ and ‘2-row plots’ in the file ‘2023_yield_ICIA_v3.xlsx’ for the Ames and Crawfordsville locations. For the North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley 2023 locations, this information was taken from the sheets ‘North Platte Hybrids - Index’, ‘Lincoln Hybrids - Index’, ‘Lincoln Inbreds - Index’, ‘Missouri Valley Hybrids - Index’, and ‘Missouri Valley Inbreds - Index’ in the file ‘Summary of HIPS 2023 Maps for Fields Visited by J Schanble Lab.xlsm’. In some files, this is denoted as ‘Pass’.
Data Processing Notes: NA

range

Definition: This is the range number within a sublocation the plot was located in.
Units: NA
Raw Data Sources: This information for the Lincoln location hybrids was taken from the sheet ‘Combined Dataset’ in the file ‘Summary of Lincoln Hybrid HIPS 2022 Data.xlsx’. This information for the hybrids in the Scottsbluff, Missouri Valley, and North Platte locations was taken from the file ‘HybridHIPS_plotlevelNIR$_v2.6.csv’, and this information for inbreds in these locations and Lincoln in 2022 was taken from the file ‘2022 Inbred HIPS Ear Data - Turkus Curated 231117.csv’. This information for the Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the sheets ‘RawData (4-Row)’ and ‘RawData (2-Row)’ in the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’. In 2023, this information was taken from the N level field in the sheets ‘4-row plots’ and ‘2-row plots’ in the file ‘2023_yield_ICIA_v3.xlsx’ for the Ames and Crawfordsville locations. For the North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley 2023 locations, this information was taken from the sheets ‘North Platte Hybrids - Index’, ‘Lincoln Hybrids - Index’, ‘Lincoln Inbreds - Index’, ‘Missouri Valley Hybrids - Index’, and ‘Missouri Valley Inbreds - Index’ in the file ‘Summary of HIPS 2023 Maps for Fields Visited by J Schanble Lab.xlsm’.
Data Processing Notes: NA

plotNumber

Definition: This is the number assigned to the plot.
Units: NA
Raw Data Sources: This information for the Lincoln location hybrids was taken from the sheet ‘Combined Dataset’ in the file ‘Summary of Lincoln Hybrid HIPS 2022 Data.xlsx’. This information for the hybrids in the Scottsbluff, Missouri Valley, and North Platte locations was taken from the file ‘HybridHIPS_plotlevelNIR$_v2.6.csv’, and this information for inbreds in these locations and Lincoln in 2022 was taken from the file ‘2022 Inbred HIPS Ear Data - Turkus Curated 231117.csv’. This information for the Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the sheets ‘RawData (4-Row)’ and ‘RawData (2-Row)’ in the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’. In 2023, this information was taken from the N level field in the sheets ‘4-row plots’ and ‘2-row plots’ in the file ‘2023_yield_ICIA_v3.xlsx’ for the Ames and Crawfordsville locations. For the North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley 2023 locations, this information was taken from the sheets ‘North Platte Hybrids - Index’, ‘Lincoln Hybrids - Index’, ‘Lincoln Inbreds - Index’, ‘Missouri Valley Hybrids - Index’, and ‘Missouri Valley Inbreds - Index’ in the file ‘Summary of HIPS 2023 Maps for Fields Visited by J Schanble Lab.xlsm’.
Data Processing Notes: In the Scottsbluff hybrids in 2022, it was determined based on correlations between replicates of genotypes that planting of the lowest numbered plots actually started in the SW corner of the field rather than the SE corner as indicated by the field maps. The plot numbers in the qrCode were transformed to the plot number assigned to that row and range in the original field maps. In Missouri Valley 2022, 100 was added to hybrid plot numbers in block 1 and 200 was added to hybrid plot numbers in block 2 to de-duplicate the plot numbers within the location. In Missouri Valley 2022, 400 was added to the inbred plot numbers in block 2 to de-duplicate the plot numbers within the location. In the Missouri Valley 2023 inbreds, 400 was added to inbred plot numbers in block 2 to de-duplicate the plot numbers.

genotype

Definition: This is the genotype grown in the plot.
Units: NA
Raw Data Sources: This information for the Lincoln location hybrids was taken from the sheet ‘Combined Dataset’ in the file ‘Summary of Lincoln Hybrid HIPS 2022 Data.xlsx’. This information for the hybrids in the Scottsbluff, Missouri Valley, and North Platte locations was taken from the file ‘HybridHIPS_plotlevelNIR$_v2.6.csv’, and this information for inbreds in these locations and Lincoln in 2022 was taken from the file ‘2022 Inbred HIPS Ear Data - Turkus Curated 231117.csv’. This information for the Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the sheets ‘RawData (4-Row)’ and ‘RawData (2-Row)’ in the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’. In 2023, this information was taken from the N level field in the sheets ‘4-row plots’ and ‘2-row plots’ in the file ‘2023_yield_ICIA_v3.xlsx’ for the Ames and Crawfordsville locations. For the North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley 2023 locations, this information was taken from the sheets ‘North Platte Hybrids - Index’, ‘Lincoln Hybrids - Index’, ‘Lincoln Inbreds - Index’, ‘Missouri Valley Hybrids - Index’, and ‘Missouri Valley Inbreds - Index’ in the file ‘Summary of HIPS 2023 Maps for Fields Visited by J Schanble Lab.xlsm’.
Data Processing Notes: All characters in genotype names were converted to uppercase. Some plots’ genotypes were listed as ‘SOLAR’ 1-4, withno note on the hybrid grown in the plot. These plots’ genotypes were transformed to NA, with a note on the solar panel in the notes field. Genotype names truncated in qrCode were changed to their full version, genotype names of the form ‘COMMERCIAL HYBRID X’ were converted to the market name of the commercial hybrid, ‘FILLER’ was converted to the actual genotype name when known or NA if unknown. Additionally, typos in the genotype names ‘4N506 X 3IIH!6’ and ‘PHP02 X PHJ894’ were corrected to ‘4N506 X 3IIH6’ and ‘PHP02 X PHJ89’, respectively.

plantingDate

Definition: This is the date the plot was planted.
Units: NA
Raw Data Sources: This information for each plot was based on the data documentation for each field. For the Missouri Valley, Ames, and Crawfordsville locations, this information was taken from the sheet ‘Field Info’ in the file YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’ in 2022 and the file ‘2023_yield_ICIA_v3.xlsx’ in 2023. For the Scottsbluff, North Platte, and Lincoln locations, this information was taken from personal communications in both 2022 and 2023.
Data Processing Notes: NA

anthesisDate

Definition: This is the date when 50% of plants in the plot reached anthesis (tasseling).
Units: NA
Raw Data Sources: This information for the 2022 Lincoln location hybrids was taken from the sheet ‘Combined Dataset’ in the file ‘Summary of Lincoln Hybrid HIPS 2022 Data.xlsx’. This information for the 2022 Lincoln location inbreds was taken from the sheet ‘SAM’ in the file ‘2022 Digitized Flowering Notes.xlsx’. This information for the 2022 Scottsbluff location hybrids and inbreds was taken from the sheets ‘Hybrid_flowering data’ and ‘Inbred_flowering_data’ in the file ‘Corn_data_Scottsbluff-2022_rk_11.11.2022’. This information for the 2022 North Platte locations was taken from the sheets ‘Full Data’, ‘Reduced Irr Data’, and ‘No Irr Data’ in the file ‘2022_Schnable_HIPS_data_v4.xlsx’. This information for the 2023 hybrids in Lincoln was taken from the file ‘Hybrid Hips flowering NOTEs 2023 (1).xlsx’. This information for the 2023 inbreds in Lincoln was taken from the file ‘UNL Inbreds flowering note 2023 - Ullagaddi Transcribed.csv’. This information for the 2023 North Platte location was taken from the file ‘2023 Schnable hips_data_v2.xlsx’. This data was not collected at the Missouri Valley, Crawfordsville, and Ames locations in either year.
Data Processing Notes: In the 2023 hybrids, the anthesisDate for plot 146 in North Platte was in December 1901, so it was removed as a data entry error.

silkDate

Definition: This is the date when 50% of plants in the plot reached silking.
Units: NA
Raw Data Sources: This information for the 2022 Lincoln location hybrids was taken from the sheet ‘Combined Dataset’ in the file ‘Summary of Lincoln Hybrid HIPS 2022 Data.xlsx’. This information for the 2022 Lincoln location inbreds was taken from the sheet ‘SAM’ in the file ‘2022 Digitized Flowering Notes.xlsx’. This information for the 2022 Scottsbluff location hybrids and inbreds was taken from the sheets ‘Hybrid_flowering data’ and ‘Inbred_flowering_data’ in the file ‘Corn_data_Scottsbluff-2022_rk_11.11.2022’. This information for the 2022 North Platte locations was taken from the sheets ‘Full Data’, ‘Reduced Irr Data’, and ‘No Irr Data’ in the file ‘2022_Schnable_HIPS_data_v4.xlsx’. This information for the 2023 hybrids in Lincoln was taken from the file ‘Hybrid Hips flowering NOTEs 2023 (1).xlsx’. This information for the 2023 inbreds in Lincoln was taken from the file ‘UNL Inbreds flowering note 2023 - Ullagaddi Transcribed.csv’. This information for the 2023 North Platte location was taken from the file ‘2023 Schnable hips_data_v2.xlsx’. This data was not collected at the Missouri Valley, Crawfordsville, and Ames locations in either year.
Data Processing Notes: In the 2023 hybrids, the silkDate for plot 349 in North Platte was in January 1900, so it was removed as a data entry error.

daysToAnthesis

Definition: This is the number of days between the plantingDate and anthesisDate.
Units: days
Raw Data Sources: NA
Data Processing Notes: In the 2023 hybrids, the anthesisDate for plot 146 in North Platte was in December 1901, so it was removed as a data entry error. Furthermore, all values less than 50 days were visual outliers and were converted to missing values. In the 2023 inbreds, all values less than 42.5 days were visual outliers and converted to missing values.

daysToSilk

Definition: This is the number of days between the plantingDate and silkDate.
Units: days
Raw Data Sources: NA
Data Processing Notes: Plots 1397 at North Platte and 1156 at Scottsbluff were visual outliers in scatterplots and were dropped. In the 2022 inbreds, values greater than 110 days were visual outliers and were converted to missing values. In the 2023 hybrids, the silkDate for plot 349 in North Platte was in January 1900, so it was removed as a data entry error.

anthesisSilkingInterval

Definition: This is the anthesis-silking interval in days, and is calculated as the difference between the silkDate and anthesisDate for a plot.
Units: days
Raw Data Sources: NA
Data Processing Notes: Negative values indicate that silking occurred prior to anthesis. Values greater than 20 days were visual outliers in the histogram and were dropped. In the 2022 inbreds, values less than -10 days or greater than 20 days were visual outliers and were converted to missing values. In the 2023 hybrids, plots 146 and 349 in North Platte had data entry errors in either anthesisDate or silkDate and so anthesisSilkingInterval was not calculated. Furthermore, all values greater than 15 days were visual outliers and were converted to missing values. In the 2023 inbreds, values less than -15 or greater than 25 days were visual outliers and converted to missing values.

GDDToAnthesis

Definition: This is the cumulative number of GDDs for the location on between plantingDate and anthesisDate for the plot.
Units: growing degree days (GDDs)
Raw Data Sources: In-field weather station data for the 2022 growing season was taken from the files in the directory ‘weather’. In-field weather station data for the 2023 growing season was taken from the files in the directory ‘2023/2023 Weather Stations’.
Data Processing Notes: GDDs were calculated using temperatures in Fahrenheit with a crop base temperature of 50 degrees and a crop maximum temperature of 86 degrees. Where there was a weather station data for the field, the temperatures recorded therein were used to calculate the daily minimum and maximum temperatures and converted from Celsius if needed. In cases where there was missing data or the maximum temperature was above the maximum observed temperature for the nearest town, data was imputed from NASA POWER using the latitude and longitude of the center of the plot. In Crawfordsville 2022, there was no weather station but a G2F field was located nearby. The weather data for Crawfordsville 2022 was accessed from doi:10.25739/3d3g-pe51 for the site IAH1. This data was previously cleaned and imputed using data from NASA. In the 2022 hybrids, values in Lincoln greater than 2250 GDDs, values in North Platte1 less than 1750 GDDs, values in North Platte3 less than 2250 or greater than 3500 GDDs, and values in Scottsbluff less than 1500 GDDs were visual outliers in the histogram and were dropped. In the 2022 inbreds, values greater than 3000 GDDs were visual outliers and converted to missing values. In the 2023 hybrids, values less than 1100 were visual outliers and converted to missing values. In the 2023 inbreds, values less than 1000 GDDs were visual outliers and converted to missing values.

GDDToSilk

Definition: This is the cumulative number of GDDs for the location on between plantingDate and silkDate for the plot.
Units: growing degree days (GDDs)
Raw Data Sources: In-field weather station data for the 2022 growing season was taken from the files in the directory ‘weather’. In-field weather station data for the 2023 growing season was taken from the files in the directory ‘2023/2023 Weather Stations’.
Data Processing Notes: GDDs were calculated using temperatures in Fahrenheit with a crop base temperature of 50 degrees and a crop maximum temperature of 86 degrees. Where there was a weather station data for the field, the temperatures recorded therein were used to calculate the daily minimum and maximum temperatures and converted from Celsius if needed. In cases where there was missing data or the maximum temperature was above the maximum observed temperature for the nearest town, data was imputed from NASA POWER using the latitude and longitude of the center of the plot. In Crawfordsville 2022, there was no weather station but a G2F field was located nearby. The weather data for Crawfordsville 2022 was accessed from doi:10.25739/3d3g-pe51 for the site IAH1. This data was previously cleaned and imputed using data from NASA. Values greater than 3500 GDDs in the 2022 hybrids were visual outliers in the histogram and were dropped. In the 2022 inbreds, all values greater than 3250 GDDs were visual outliers and were converted to missing values. In the 2023 hybrids, values less than 1100 were visual outliers and converted to missing values. In the 2023 inbreds, values less than 1000 or greater than 2800 GDDs were visual outliers and converted to missing values.

anthesisSilkingIntervalGDD

Definition: This is the cumulative number of GDDs for the location on between anthesisDate and silkDate for the plot.
Units: growing degree days (GDDs)
Raw Data Sources: Negative values indicate silking occurred prior to anthesis. In-field weather station data for the 2022 growing season was taken from the files in the directory ‘weather’. In-field weather station data for the 2023 growing season was taken from the files in the directory ‘2023/2023 Weather Stations’.
Data Processing Notes: GDDs were calculated using temperatures in Fahrenheit with a crop base temperature of 50 degrees and a crop maximum temperature of 86 degrees. Where there was a weather station data for the field, the temperatures recorded therein were used to calculate the daily minimum and maximum temperatures and converted from Celsius if needed. In cases where there was missing data or the maximum temperature was above the maximum observed temperature for the nearest town, data was imputed from NASA POWER using the latitude and longitude of the center of the plot. In Crawfordsville 2022, there was no weather station but a G2F field was located nearby. The weather data for Crawfordsville 2022 was accessed from doi:10.25739/3d3g-pe51 for the site IAH1. This data was previously cleaned and imputed using data from NASA. Values greater than 500, values in North Platte1 greater than 250, and values in Scottsbluff greater than 375 were visual outliers and converted to missing values. In the 2022 inbreds, values less than -250 or greater than 750 GDDs were visual outliers and were converted to missing values. In the 2023 hybrids, values less than -50 or greater than 200 were visual outliers and converted to missing values. In the 2023 inbreds, all values less than -500 or greater than 1000 GDDs were visual outliers and converted to missing values.

earHeight

Definition: This is the height in centimeters of the point of attachment to the stalk of the top ear.
Units: cm
Raw Data Sources: This information for the 2022 Lincoln location hybrids was taken from the sheet ‘Combined Dataset’ in the file ‘Summary of Lincoln Hybrid HIPS 2022 Data.xlsx’. For the 2022 Lincoln inbreds, this information was taken from the file ‘230331 SAM Height and Leaf Dimension Data Data - Digitized and Reviewed.xlsx’. For Scottsbluff hybrids, this data was taken from the sheet ‘Hybrid_height data’ from the file ‘Corn_data_Scottsbluff-2022_rk_11.11.2022’ and converted from inches. This information for the North Platte 2022 location was taken from the sheets ‘Full Data’, ‘Reduced Irr Data’, and ‘No Irr Data’ in the file ‘2022_Schnable_HIPS_data_v4.xlsx’ and converted from meters. This information for Missouri Valley 2022 was taken from the file ‘Plant_data_MO_Valley_2022.xlsx’. This information for Ames 2022 was taken from the file ‘Plant_data_Ames_2022.xlsx.’ This information for Crawfordsville 2022 was taken from the file ‘Plant_data_Crawfordsville.xlsx’. This information for North Platte 2023 was taken from the file ‘2023 Schnable hips_data_v2.xlsx’ and converted from meters. This information for Lincoln 2023 hybrids was taken from the file ‘2023HIBHIPS_plat_height.csv’ and converted from feet. This information for Lincoln 2023 inbreds was taken from the file ‘231018 Finalized Height Data from Lopez-Corona - Additional info added by Turkus.xlsx’ and converted from feet. This information for the 2023 Missouri Valley, Ames, and Crawfordsville was taken from the sheets ‘4-row plots’ and ‘2-row plots’ in the file ‘2023_yield_ICIA_v3.xlsx’.
Data Processing Notes: In Lincoln, this is the average of measurements from two representative plants in the plot. In all other locations, it measured from a single representative plant in the plot. All measurements from plants noted as stunted or without a silk were marked as missing data prior to calculation. Ear heights less than 35 cm were visual outliers in the histogram and were dropped. Plots 5244, 5283, 5141 in Lincoln were dropped as they appeared to be an order of magnitude too low. In the 2022 inbreds, values in Crawfordsville less than 12 cm or greater than 175 cm were visual outliers and were converted to missing values. In the 2023 hybrids, all values greater than 225 cm and values in North Platte less than 80 cm were visual outliers and were converted to missing values. In the 2023 inbreds, values less than 12 or greater than 200 cm were visual outliers and converted to missing values.

flagLeafHeight

Definition: This is the height in centimeters of the point of attachment to the stalk of the flag leaf.
Units: cm
Raw Data Sources: This information for the 2022 Lincoln location hybrids was taken from the sheet ‘Combined Dataset’ in the file ‘Summary of Lincoln Hybrid HIPS 2022 Data.xlsx’. For the 2022 Lincoln inbreds, this information was taken from the file ‘230331 SAM Height and Leaf Dimension Data Data - Digitized and Reviewed.xlsx’. For Scottsbluff hybrids, this data was taken from the sheet ‘Hybrid_height data’ from the file ‘Corn_data_Scottsbluff-2022_rk_11.11.2022’ and converted from inches. This information for the North Platte 2022 location was taken from the sheets ‘Full Data’, ‘Reduced Irr Data’, and ‘No Irr Data’ in the file ‘2022_Schnable_HIPS_data_v4.xlsx’ and converted from meters. This information for Missouri Valley 2022 was taken from the file ‘Plant_data_MO_Valley_2022.xlsx’. This information for Ames 2022 was taken from the file ‘Plant_data_Ames_2022.xlsx.’ This information for Crawfordsville 2022 was taken from the file ‘Plant_data_Crawfordsville.xlsx’. This information for North Platte 2023 was taken from the file ‘2023 Schnable hips_data_v2.xlsx’ and converted from meters. This information for Lincoln 2023 hybrids was taken from the file ‘2023HIBHIPS_plat_height.csv’ and converted from feet. This information for Lincoln 2023 inbreds was taken from the file ‘231018 Finalized Height Data from Lopez-Corona - Additional info added by Turkus.xlsx’ and converted from feet. This information for the 2023 Missouri Valley, Ames, and Crawfordsville was taken from the sheets ‘4-row plots’ and ‘2-row plots’ in the file ‘2023_yield_ICIA_v3.xlsx’.
Data Processing Notes: In Lincoln, this is the average of measurements from two representative plants in the plot. In all other locations, it measured from a single representative plant in the plot. All measurements from plants noted as stunted or without a silk were marked as missing data prior to calculation. Plot 1322 at Scottsbluff was dropped due to having a value 60 cm (~1.9 feet) greater than all other observations. Flag leaf heights less than 50 cm were visual outliers in the histogram and were dropped. In the 2022 inbreds, all values greater than 250 cm, values in Ames less than 45 cm, values in Lincoln less than 50 cm, and values in Missouri Valley less than 50 or greater than 225 cm were visual outliers and were converted to missing values. In the 2023 hybrids, all values less than 100 or greater than 350 cm were visual outliers and were converted to missing values. In the 2023 inbreds, values less than 50 or greater than 500 cm were visual outliers and converted to missing values.

plantDensity

Definition: This is density of the plants per acre in the plot.
Units: plants/acre
Raw Data Sources: In the case of the 2023 Missouri Valley, Ames, and Crawfordsville locations, no stand count was collected, so the Population (acre) column in the sheets ‘4-row plots’ and ‘2-row plots’ in the file ‘2023_yield_ICIA_v3.xlsx’ was used, which was based on the number of seeds planted.
Data Processing Notes: This is calculated as the mean number of plants per row (i.e., one-half of totalStandCount) scaled to be equivalent to 1/1000th of an acre (a plotLength of 17.5 feet with an assumed spacing of 30”) and multiplied by 1000. In the 2023 hybrids, values less than 20,000 or greater than 50,000 were visual outliers and were converted to missing values.

combineYield

Definition: This is the weight, in pounds, of the grain harvested from the inner two rows of the plot by the combine.
Units: lbs
Raw Data Sources: This data was only collected for hybrid plots. This information for the 2022 Lincoln location was taken from the sheet ‘Combined Dataset’ in the file ‘Summary of Lincoln Hybrid HIPS 2022 Data.xlsx’. For the Scottsbluff location, this information was taken from the file ‘Dipak Corn22_HM.xlsx’. This information for the 2022 North Platte location was taken from the sheets ‘Full Data’, ‘Reduced Irr Data’, and ‘No Irr Data’ in the file ‘2022_Schnable_HIPS_data_v4.xlsx.’ This information for the Missouri Valley, Crawfordsville, and Ames locations was taken from the sheet ‘RawData (4-Row)’ in the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’. This information for the 2023 North Platte location was taken from the file ‘2023 Schnable hips_data_v2.xlsx’. This information for the 2023 Lincoln location was taken from the file ‘231127 Hybrid HIPS Lincoln - Combine Harvest Data - Turkus Curated.csv’. This information for the 2023 Missouri Valley, Ames, and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the sheet ‘4-row plots’ in the file ‘2023_yield_ICIA_v3.xlsx’.
Data Processing Notes: All observations with any of the following values in combineNotes were dropped: “Left row ran over”, “Right row gone”, “Run over”, “Clog”, “Animal damage”, “Animal damage, not enough grain for accurate moisture”, “One row”, “Same as last”, “11/9/2022, 11:45:04 AM, Tare Warning, Test Weight: 5.75”, “Plot lost to belt issue”. Plot 250 in North Platte1 was also dropped, as it had a weight approximately twice all other values and appeared that 4 rows, instead of two, were potentially harvested. Plots 1094, 1095, 1265, and 1435 in Scottsbluff were dropped as they were damaged due to solar panel removal. In Lincoln 2023, some plots accidentally had ears from the center row harvested during hand harvesting. When this was noted, these values were converted to missing data.

yieldPerAcre

Definition: This is the yield, in 56-lb bushels of grain at 15.5% moisture per acre.
Units: bushels/acre
Raw Data Sources: NA
Data Processing Notes: This value was calculated from the combineYield, combineMoisture, and plotLength values for the plot. This calculation assumes a 30” row spacing. In Lincoln 2023, some plots accidentally had ears from the center row harvested during hand harvesting. When this was noted, these values were converted to missing data. Plots 1094, 1095, 1265, and 1435 in Scottsbluff were dropped as they were damaged due to solar panel removal.

combineMoisture

Definition: This is the moisture content, in percent, on a wet (fresh-weight) basis, measured by the combine at the time of harvesting the plot.
Units: percent
Raw Data Sources: This data was only collected for hybrid plots. This information for the 2022 Lincoln location was taken from the sheet ‘Combined Dataset’ in the file ‘Summary of Lincoln Hybrid HIPS 2022 Data.xlsx’. For the Scottsbluff location, this information was taken from the file ‘Dipak Corn22_HM.xlsx’. This information for the 2022 North Platte location was taken from the sheets ‘Full Data’, ‘Reduced Irr Data’, and ‘No Irr Data’ in the file ‘2022_Schnable_HIPS_data_v4.xlsx.’ This information for the Missouri Valley, Crawfordsville, and Ames locations was taken from the sheet ‘RawData (4-Row)’ in the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’. This information for the 2023 North Platte location was taken from the file ‘2023 Schnable hips_data_v2.xlsx’. This information for the 2023 Lincoln location was taken from the file ‘231127 Hybrid HIPS Lincoln - Combine Harvest Data - Turkus Curated.csv’. This information for the 2023 Missouri Valley, Ames, and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the sheet ‘4-row plots’ in the file ‘2023_yield_ICIA_v3.xlsx’.
Data Processing Notes: All observations equal to zero or with any of the following values in combineNotes were dropped: “Left row ran over”, “Right row gone”, “Run over”, “Clog”, “Animal damage”, “Animal damage, not enough grain for accurate moisture”, “One row”, “Same as last”, “11/9/2022, 11:45:04 AM, Tare Warning, Test Weight: 5.75”, “Plot lost to belt issue”, “Water stress, not enough grain for accurate moisture”, “Not enough grain for accurate moisture”. Plot 250 in North Platte1 was also dropped, as it had a weight approximately twice all other values and appeared that 4 rows, instead of two, were potentially harvested. In the 2023 hybrids, all values less than 10 percent were visual outliers and were converted to missing values.

combineTestWeight

Definition: This is the test weight, e.g. the weight in pounds of a volumetric bushel (1.24 cubic feet), of the grain harvested from the plot by the combine.
Units: lbs
Raw Data Sources: This data was only collected for hybrid plots. This information for the 2022 Lincoln location was taken from the sheet ‘Combined Dataset’ in the file ‘Summary of Lincoln Hybrid HIPS 2022 Data.xlsx’. For the Scottsbluff location, this information was taken from the file ‘Dipak Corn22_HM.xlsx’. This information for the 2022 North Platte location was taken from the sheets ‘Full Data’, ‘Reduced Irr Data’, and ‘No Irr Data’ in the file ‘2022_Schnable_HIPS_data_v4.xlsx.’ This information for the Missouri Valley, Crawfordsville, and Ames locations was taken from the sheet ‘RawData (4-Row)’ in the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’. This information for the 2023 North Platte location was taken from the file ‘2023 Schnable hips_data_v2.xlsx’. This information for the 2023 Lincoln location was taken from the file ‘231127 Hybrid HIPS Lincoln - Combine Harvest Data - Turkus Curated.csv’. This information for the 2023 Missouri Valley, Ames, and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the sheet ‘4-row plots’ in the file ‘2023_yield_ICIA_v3.xlsx’.
Data Processing Notes: All observations equal to zero or with any of the following values in combineNotes were dropped: “Left row ran over”, “Right row gone”, “Run over”, “Clog”, “Animal damage”, “Animal damage, not enough grain for accurate moisture”, “One row”, “Same as last”, “11/9/2022, 11:45:04 AM, Tare Warning, Test Weight: 5.75”, “Plot lost to belt issue”. Plot 250 in North Platte1 was also dropped, as it had a weight approximately twice all other values and appeared that 4 rows, instead of two, were potentially harvested. For the Missouri Valley, Ames, and Crawfordsville locations, this data was taken from the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’. In the 2023 hybrids, all values less than 45 pounds were visual outliers and were converted to missing values.

earLength

Definition: This is the mean length of the cob after shelling (i.e. with the kernels removed) of one ear from the plot.
Units: cm
Raw Data Sources: This information for hybrids at the 2022 Scottsbluff, North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘plotleveleardata_v2.csv’. This information for the hybrid 2022 Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the files in the folder ‘5 Cob Traits Station’ and converted from millimeters to centimeters. This information for the 2022 inbreds at the Lincoln and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2022 Inbred HIPS Ear Data - Turkus Curated 231117.csv’ and converted from millimeters. This information for the inbred 2022 Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the file ‘5_cob_trait_INBRED_2022_compiled_v2.xlsx’. This information for the hybrids at the 2023 North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2023_Hyb_HIPS_LNK_MV_NP_Final_KL_Curated.xlsx’. This information for the hybrid 2023 Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the file ‘5_cob_Traits_HYBRID_2023_compiled.xlsx’. This information for the inbred 2023 Lincoln and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2023_Inbred_Hips_Ear_Phenotyping_MV_LNK_Final_KL_Curated.xlsx’.
Data Processing Notes: Plot 426 in North Platte1 was dropped as all underlying observations were an order of magnitude larger than all other observations. For Ames and Crawfordsville locations, when the ear had severe bending, a string was used to measure the length and this is denoted in the notes field. In the 2022 inbreds, all values greater than 30 cm were visual outliers and converted to missing values. Furthermore, values in Ames greather than 25 cm, values in Crawfordsville less than 5 or greater than 21 cm, and values in Missouri Valley greater than 20 cm were visual outliers and converted to missing values. In the 2023 hybrids, all values greater than 22.5 cm, values in Crawfordsville less than 12.5 cm, and values in North Platte less than 10 or greater than 20 cm were visual outliers and converted to missing values. In the 2023 inbreds, values in Lincoln greater than 17.5 cm were visual outliers and converted to missing values.

earFillLength

Definition: This is the mean length filled with kernels on one ear from the plot in centimeters prior to shelling (i.e. with the kernels attached to the cob).
Units: cm
Raw Data Sources: This information for hybrids at the 2022 Scottsbluff, North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘plotleveleardata_v2.csv’. This information was not collected for Ames or Crawfordsville locations. This information for the 2022 inbreds at the Lincoln and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2022 Inbred HIPS Ear Data - Turkus Curated 231117.csv’ and converted from millimeters. This information for the hybrids at the 2023 North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2023_Hyb_HIPS_LNK_MV_NP_Final_KL_Curated.xlsx’. This information for the inbred 2023 Lincoln and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2023_Inbred_Hips_Ear_Phenotyping_MV_LNK_Final_KL_Curated.xlsx’.
Data Processing Notes: Plot 426 in North Platte1 was dropped as all underlying observations were an order of magnitude larger than all other observations, and the mean for plots 879 and 837 in North Platte2 was calculated from 3 (rather than 4) ears due to the observation for the fourth ear being an order of magnitude larger than all other observations. This data was initially not collected for ears phenotyped by the UNL team (North Platte, Scottsbluff, Lincoln, Missouri Valley), but began approximately one-third of the way through phenotyping the first hybrid location in 2022, Missouri Valley. In the 2022 inbreds, values in Lincoln less than 2.5 or greater than 17 cm, values in Missouri Valley greater than 20 cm, and values in Scottsbluff greater than 18 cm were visual outliers and were converted to missing values. In the 2023 inbreds, values in Lincoln less than 3.75 cm wer visual outliers and converted to missing values.

earWidth

Definition: This is the mean width of one ear from the plot in centimeters prior to shelling (i.e. with the kernels attached to the cob).
Units: cm
Raw Data Sources: This information for hybrids at the 2022 Scottsbluff, North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘plotleveleardata_v2.csv’. This information for the hybrid 2022 Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the files in the folder ‘3 Ear Traits Station’ and converted from millimeters to centimeters. This information for the 2022 inbreds at the Lincoln and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2022 Inbred HIPS Ear Data - Turkus Curated 231117.csv’ and converted from millimeters. This information for the inbred 2022 Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the file ‘3_ear_trait_INBRED_2022_compiled_v2.xlsx’. This information for the hybrids at the 2023 North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2023_Hyb_HIPS_LNK_MV_NP_Final_KL_Curated.xlsx’. This information for the hybrid 2023 Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the file ‘3_ear_Traits_HYBRID_2023_compiled.xlsx’. This information for the inbred 2023 Lincoln and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2023_Inbred_Hips_Ear_Phenotyping_MV_LNK_Final_KL_Curated.xlsx’.
Data Processing Notes: Plot 426 in North Platte1 was dropped as all underlying observations were an order of magnitude larger than all other observations. Plot 6129 at Lincoln and plot 1585236 were calculated using 3 rather than 4 ears as the remaining observation was an order of magnitude larger than the other observations. In the 2022 inbreds, Lincoln plot 1115 was calculated as the mean of 4 ears rather than 6 as the remaining observations appeared to be data entry errors. In the 2022 inbreds, values greater than 10 cm were visual outliers and were converted to missing values. Furthermore, values in Ames and Crawfordsville greater than 5.5 cm, values in Lincoln less than 2 or greater than 4.25 cm, and values in Missouri Vallley greater than 5 cm were visual outliers and were converted to missing values. In the 2023 hybrids, all values less than 3.5 cm were visual outliers and converted to missing values. In the 2023 inbreds, values in Missouri Valley less than 2.5 cm were visual outliers and converted to missing values.

shelledCobWidth

Definition: This is the mean width of one cob from the plot in centimeters after shelling (i.e. with the kernels removed from the cob).
Units: cm
Raw Data Sources: This information for hybrids at the 2022 Scottsbluff, North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘plotleveleardata_v2.csv’. This information for the hybrid 2022 Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the files in the folder ‘5 Cob Traits Station’ and converted from millimeters to centimeters. This information for the 2022 inbreds at the Lincoln and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2022 Inbred HIPS Ear Data - Turkus Curated 231117.csv’ and converted from millimeters. This information for the inbred 2022 Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the file ‘5_cob_trait_INBRED_2022_compiled_v2.xlsx’. This information for the hybrids at the 2023 North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2023_Hyb_HIPS_LNK_MV_NP_Final_KL_Curated.xlsx’. This information for the hybrid 2023 Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the file ‘5_cob_Traits_HYBRID_2023_compiled.xlsx’. This information for the inbred 2023 Lincoln and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2023_Inbred_Hips_Ear_Phenotyping_MV_LNK_Final_KL_Curated.xlsx’.
Data Processing Notes: Plot 426 in North Platte1 was dropped as all underlying observations were an order of magnitude larger than all other observations. Observations where shelledCobWidth was greater than earWidth were dropped. In the 2022 inbreds, Lincoln plot 1041 was calculated as the mean of 5 ears rather than 6 as the remaining observation appeared to be a data entry error. Furthermore, values in Crawfordsville less than 1 cm, values in Lincoln less than 0.75 or greater than 3 cm, and values in Scottsbluff less than 1.25 or greater than 3.5 cm were visual outliers and were converted to missing values. In the 2023 hybrids, all values less than 2 or greater than 3.25 cm were visual outliers and converted to missing values. In the 2023 inbreds, values in Lincoln less than 1.75 cm were visual outliers and converted to missing values.

kernelsPerRow

Definition: This is the mean number of kernels in each kernel row.
Units: NA
Raw Data Sources: This information for hybrids at the 2022 Scottsbluff, North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘plotleveleardata_v2.csv’. This information was not collected for Ames or Crawfordsville locations. This information for the 2022 inbreds at the Lincoln and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2022 Inbred HIPS Ear Data - Turkus Curated 231117.csv’. This information for the hybrids at the 2023 North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2023_Hyb_HIPS_LNK_MV_NP_Final_KL_Curated.xlsx’. This information for the inbred 2023 Lincoln and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2023_Inbred_Hips_Ear_Phenotyping_MV_LNK_Final_KL_Curated.xlsx’.
Data Processing Notes: Plot 4209 at Lincoln was calculated using 3 ears rather than 4 as the remaining observation was an order of magnitude larger than the others. In the 2022 inbreds, all values greater than 40 and values in Lincoln greater than 37 were visual outliers and were converted to missing values. In the 2023 hybrids, all values less than 20 were visual outliers and converted to missing values. In the 2023 inbreds, values in Lincoln greater than 32.5 were visual outliers and converted to missing values.

kernelRowNumber

Definition: This is the mean number of kernel rows, i.e. the number of kernels around the circumference of the ear at the middle of the ear.
Units: NA
Raw Data Sources: This information for hybrids at the 2022 Scottsbluff, North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘plotleveleardata_v2.csv’. This information for the hybrid 2022 Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the files in the folder ‘2 KRN and Ear Documentation’ This information for the 2022 inbreds at the Lincoln and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2022 Inbred HIPS Ear Data - Turkus Curated 231117.csv’. This information for the inbred 2022 Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the file ‘2_KRN_trait_INBRED_2022_compiled_v2.xlsx’. This information for the hybrids at the 2023 North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2023_Hyb_HIPS_LNK_MV_NP_Final_KL_Curated.xlsx’. This information for the hybrid 2023 Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the file ‘2_KRN_trait_HYBRID_2023_compiled.xlsx’. This information for the inbred 2023 Lincoln and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2023_Inbred_Hips_Ear_Phenotyping_MV_LNK_Final_KL_Curated.xlsx’.
Data Processing Notes: Plots 367 and 866 at North Platte was calculated using 3 ears rather than 4 as the remaining observation was an order of magnitude larger than all others. In the 2022 inbreds, plot 677 at Scottsbluff was calculated as the mean of 5 ears rather than 6 as the remaining observation appeared to be due to a data entry error. In the 2022 inbreds, values in Crawfordsville less than 8, values in Lincoln less than 5, values in Missouri Valley less than 6 and values in Scottsbluff greater than 18 were visual outliers and converted to missing values. In the 2023 hybrids, all values less than 11.25 were visual outliers and converted to missing values.

kernelsPerEar

Definition: This is the mean number of kernels per ear from the plot.
Units: NA
Raw Data Sources: This information for hybrids at the 2022 Scottsbluff, North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘plotleveleardata_v2.csv’. This information for the hybrid 2022 Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the files in the folder ‘6 Seed Traits Station’. This information for the 2022 inbreds at the Lincoln and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2022 Inbred HIPS Ear Data - Turkus Curated 231117.csv’ and converted from millimeters. This information for the inbred 2022 Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the file ‘6_seed_trait_INBRED_2022_compiled_v2.xlsx’. This information for the hybrids at the 2023 North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2023_Hyb_HIPS_LNK_MV_NP_Final_KL_Curated.xlsx’. This information for the hybrid 2023 Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the file ‘6_seed_trait_HYBRID_2023_compiled.xlsx’. This information for the inbred 2023 Lincoln and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2023_Inbred_Hips_Ear_Phenotyping_MV_LNK_Final_KL_Curated.xlsx’.
Data Processing Notes: It does not account for kernels that fell off the cob between harvest and phenotyping. Plot 1381 at North Platte was calculated using 3 ears rather than 4 as the remaining observation was an order of magnitude larger than the other observations. In the 2022 inbreds, Scottsbluff plot 162 was a visual outlier and converted to a missing value. Furthermore, values in Ames greater than 630, values in Crawfordsville greater than 625, values in Lincoln greater than 500, values in Missouri Valley greater than 525, and values in Scottsbluff greater than 600 were visual outliers and were converted to missing values. In the 2023 hybrids, it appeared that all three ears from plot 23-C-1746688 had been counted together, so the total number was divided by 3. Furthermore, all values less than 250 and values in North Platte greater than 750 were visual outliers and converted to missing values. In the 2023 inbreds, values in Lincoln greater than 450 and values in Missouri Valley greater than 600 were visual outliers and converted to missing values.

hundredKernelMass

Definition: This is the mean weight of one hundred kernels from one ear from the plot in grams after to shelling (i.e. with the kernels detached from the cob).
Units: g
Raw Data Sources: This information for hybrids at the 2022 Scottsbluff, North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘plotleveleardata_v2.csv’. This information was not directly collected for Ames or Crawfordsville locations. This information for the 2022 inbreds at the Lincoln and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2022 Inbred HIPS Ear Data - Turkus Curated 231117.csv’. This information for the hybrids at the 2023 North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2023_Hyb_HIPS_LNK_MV_NP_Final_KL_Curated.xlsx’. This information for the inbred 2023 Lincoln and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2023_Inbred_Hips_Ear_Phenotyping_MV_LNK_Final_KL_Curated.xlsx’.
Data Processing Notes: This data was only collected for the Scottsbluff, North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley locations if there were at least 100 kernels on the ear. For the Ames and Crawfordsville locations, this was calculated as kernelMassPerEar divided by kernelsPerEar multiplied by one hundred. Plots 5122 and 5245 at Lincoln, and 835, 838, 1169, and 1211 at North Platte were calculated using 3 ears rather than 4, as the remaining observation was an order of magnitude larger than the others. In the 2022 inbreds, values greater than 50 grams, values in Crawfordsville less than 10 or greater than 37.5 grams, values in Lincoln greater than 31 grams, and values in Scottsbluff greater than 32 grams were visual outliers and were converted to missing values. In the 2023 hybrids, plots 23-C-1746410, 23-C-1746525, and 23-C-1746805 were calculated as the mean of 2 ears, and plot 23-C-1746706 was calculated as the mean of 1 ear, rather than 3 ears, as the remaining observation(s) appeared to be data entry errors. Furthermore, all values less than 15 or greater than 45 grams were visual outliers and converted to missing values. In the 2023 inbreds, values in Lincoln greater than 35 grams were visual outliers and converted to missing values.

kernelMassPerEar

Definition: This is the mean mass of kernels in grams, per ear.
Units: g
Raw Data Sources: This trait was not directly measured in the Scottsbluff, North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley locations. This information for the hybrid 2022 Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the files in the folder ‘6 Seed Traits Station’. This information for the inbred 2022 Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the file ‘6_seed_trait_INBRED_2022_compiled_v2.xlsx’. This information for the hybrid 2023 Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the file ‘6_seed_trait_HYBRID_2023_compiled.xlsx’.
Data Processing Notes: For the North Platte, Scottsbluff, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley locations, this is calculated as the difference between the ear weight and shelledCobMass. In the cases that significant spillage was denoted for plots from the Ames and Crawfordsville locations, the same estimation used at Lincoln was used in place of the direct measurement. Plot 256 at Missouri Valley and plot 664 at North Platte were calculated using 3 ears rather than 4 as the remaining observation was an order of magnitude larger than the other observations. In Ames and Crawfordsville, some ears’ kernels were re-weighed due to an off-balance scale. In this case, the re-weighing values replaced the original values. In the 2022 inbreds, values in Ames greater than 155 grams, values in Crawfordsville greater than 150 grams, values in Lincoln greater than 100 grams, values in Missouri Valley greater than 135 grams, and values n Scottsbluff greater than 148 were visual outlers and were converted to missing values. In the 2023 hybrids, values in Crawfordsville greater than 275 grams were visual outliers and were converted to missing values. In the 2023 inbreds, values in Missouri Valley greater than 150 grams and values in Lincoln greater than 100 grams were visual outliers and were converted to missing values.

shelledCobMass

Definition: This is the mean weight of the cob in grams of one ear from the plot after to shelling (i.e. with the kernels detached from the cob).
Units: g
Raw Data Sources: This information for hybrids at the 2022 Scottsbluff, North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘plotleveleardata_v2.csv’. This information for the hybrid 2022 Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the files in the folder ‘5 Cob Traits Station’. This information for the 2022 inbreds at the Lincoln and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2022 Inbred HIPS Ear Data - Turkus Curated 231117.csv’. This information for the inbred 2022 Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the file ‘5_cob_trait_INBRED_2022_compiled_v2.xlsx’. This information for the hybrids at the 2023 North Platte, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2023_Hyb_HIPS_LNK_MV_NP_Final_KL_Curated.xlsx’. This information for the hybrid 2023 Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the file ‘5_cob_Traits_HYBRID_2023_compiled.xlsx’. This information for the inbred 2023 Lincoln and Missouri Valley locations was taken from the file ‘2023_Inbred_Hips_Ear_Phenotyping_MV_LNK_Final_KL_Curated.xlsx’.
Data Processing Notes: Plot 1226 at North Platte 2022 was calculated using 3 rather than 4 ears as the remaining observation was an order of magnitude larger than all other observations. In the 2022 inbreds, all values greater than 40 grams, values in Crawfordsville greater than 35 grams, values in Lincoln greater than 25 grams, and values in Missouri Valley greater than 31 grams were visual outliers and were converted to missing values. In the 2023 hybrids, values in Ames greater than 45 grams, values in Crawfordsville greater than 40 grams, values in Lincoln greater than 35 grams, and values in Missouri Valley and North Platte less than 10 or greater than 42.5 grams were visual outliers and were converted to missing values. In the 2023 inbreds, plots 2271, and 2039 in Lincoln and plots 367(4 ears) and 681 in Missouri Valley were calculated as means of 5 (rather than 6) ears, as the remaining observation appeared to be data entry errors. Furthermore, values in Lincoln greater than 30 grams and values in Missouri Valley greater than 35 grams were visual outliers and converted to missing values.

percentMoisture

Definition: This is the percent moisture measured by NIR.
Units: percent
Raw Data Sources: For the hybrid 2022 Lincoln, Missouri Valley, North Platte, and Scottsbluff locations, this information was taken from the file ‘HybridHIPS_plotlevelNIR_v2.5.csv’.
Data Processing Notes: In Missouri Valley 2022 hybrids, five replicates per plot were used, and three replicates per plot were used in all other locations. In the case any NIR measurement for a replicate was less than zero, this entire replicate was dropped prior to computing the median.

percentStarch

Definition: This is the median proportion of the grain composed of starch as a percent of dry matter as measured by NIR spectrometry.
Units: percent
Raw Data Sources: For the hybrid 2022 Lincoln, Missouri Valley, North Platte, and Scottsbluff locations, this information was taken from the file ‘HybridHIPS_plotlevelNIR_v2.5.csv’.
Data Processing Notes: In Missouri Valley 2022 hybrids, five replicates per plot were used, and three replicates per plot were used in all other locations. In the case any NIR measurement for a replicate was less than zero, this entire replicate was dropped prior to computing the median.

percentProtein

Definition: This is the median proportion of the grain composed of protein as a percent of dry matter as measured by NIR spectrometry.
Units: percent
Raw Data Sources: For the hybrid 2022 Lincoln, Missouri Valley, North Platte, and Scottsbluff locations, this information was taken from the file ‘HybridHIPS_plotlevelNIR_v2.5.csv’.
Data Processing Notes: In Missouri Valley 2022 hybrids, five replicates per plot were used, and three replicates per plot were used in all other locations. In the case any NIR measurement for a replicate was less than zero, this entire replicate was dropped prior to computing the median.

percentOil

Definition: This is the median proportion of the grain composed of oil as a percent of dry matter as measured by NIR spectrometry.
Units: percent
Raw Data Sources: For the hybrid 2022 Lincoln, Missouri Valley, North Platte, and Scottsbluff locations, this information was taken from the file ‘HybridHIPS_plotlevelNIR_v2.5.csv’.
Data Processing Notes: In Missouri Valley 2022 hybrids, five replicates per plot were used, and three replicates per plot were used in all other locations. In the case any NIR measurement for a replicate was less than zero, this entire replicate was dropped prior to computing the median.

percentFiber

Definition: This is the median proportion of the grain composed of fiber as a percent of dry matter as measured by NIR spectrometry.
Units: percent
Raw Data Sources: For the hybrid 2022 Lincoln, Missouri Valley, North Platte, and Scottsbluff locations, this information was taken from the file ‘HybridHIPS_plotlevelNIR_v2.5.csv’.
Data Processing Notes: In Missouri Valley 2022 hybrids, five replicates per plot were used, and three replicates per plot were used in all other locations. In the case any NIR measurement for a replicate was less than zero, this entire replicate was dropped prior to computing the median.

percentAsh

Definition: This is the median proportion of the grain composed of ash as a percent of dry matter as measured by NIR spectrometry.
Units: percent
Raw Data Sources: For the hybrid 2022 Lincoln, Missouri Valley, North Platte, and Scottsbluff locations, this information was taken from the file ‘HybridHIPS_plotlevelNIR_v2.5.csv’.
Data Processing Notes: In Missouri Valley 2022 hybrids, five replicates per plot were used, and three replicates per plot were used in all other locations. In the case any NIR measurement for a replicate was less than zero, this entire replicate was dropped prior to computing the median.

kernelColor

Definition: This is the color of the kernels from the plot.
Units: NA
Raw Data Sources: This data was not collected for the Ames and Crawfordsville locations. This information for 2022 hybrids was taken from the file ‘plotleveleardata_v2.csv’. This information for 2022 inbreds was taken from the file 2022 Inbred HIPS Ear Data - Turkus Curated 231117.csv’. This information for 2023 hybrids was taken from the file ‘2023_Hyb_HIPS_LNK_MV_NP_Final_KL_Curated.xlsx’. This information for 2023 inbreds was taken from the file ‘2023_Inbred_Hips_Ear_Phenotyping_MV_LNK_Final_KL_Curated.xlsx’.
Data Processing Notes: In 2022, these values were manually entered prior to shelling and curated during data processing to select options. In 2023, these values were taken from kernels after shelling by scanning the QR code associated with the closest pre-defined color.

percentLodging

Definition: This is the percent of plants that lodged in the middle two rows of the plot for hybrids and in the whole plot for inbreds.
Units: percent
Raw Data Sources: This data was not collected at the Scottsbluff and Lincoln locations. This information for the 2022 Missouri Valley, Crawfordsville, and Ames locations was taken from the sheets ‘RawData (4-Row)’ and ‘RawData (2-Row)’ for hybrids and inbreds, respectively, in the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’. This information for North Platte in 2022 was taken from the sheets ‘No Irr Data’, ‘Reduced Irr Data’, and ‘Full Data’ in the file ‘2022_Schnable_HIPS_data_v4.xlsx’. This information for North Platte 2023 was taken from the file ‘2023 Schnable hips_data_v2.xlsx’.
Data Processing Notes: In cases where there was both stalk lodging and root lodging recorded, this is the sum of those fields divided by totalStandCount and multiplied by 100.

harvestDate

Definition: This is the date and time the plot was harvested by the combine for hybrids, and the date of hand harvest for inbreds.
Units: NA
Raw Data Sources: This information for the hybrid 2022 Lincoln location was taken from the sheet ‘Combined Dataset’ in the file ‘Summary of Lincoln Hybrid HIPS 2022 Data.xlsx’. For the hybrid 2022 Scottsbluff location, this information was taken from the file ‘Dipak Corn22_HM.xlsx’. For the hybrid 2022 Missouri Valley, Ames, and Crawfordsville locations, this data was taken from the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’. This information for the North Platte 2022 location was taken from the sheets ‘No Irr Data’, ‘Reduced Irr Data’, and ‘Full Data’ in the file ‘2022_Schnable_HIPS_data_v4.xlsx’. This information for the 2023 North Platte location was taken from the file ‘2023 Schnable hips_data_v2.xlsx’. This information for the 2023 Lincoln location was taken from the file ‘231127 Hybrid HIPS Lincoln - Combine Harvest Data - Turkus Curated.csv’. This information for the 2023 Missouri Valley, Ames, and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the sheet ‘4-row plots’ in the file ‘2023_yield_ICIA_v3.xlsx’. For inbreds in 2022, this information was taken from the file ‘HIPS_Sites_Summary_2022.xlsx’. In 2023 inbreds, this was taken from the file ‘HIPS_Sites_Summary_2023.xlsx’.
Data Processing Notes: In the case where a single date was not available for hand harvest of inbreds, the first date in the range was used.

notes

Definition: This contains any notes regarding the the plot.
Units: NA
Raw Data Sources: Any raw data files used as described for other fields that contained notes column(s).
Data Processing Notes: This information was aggregated across all notes columns for a plot in the original data files.

Location Notes

Lincoln 2022

The alley length in both the Inbred HIPS and Hybrid HIPS fields was 2.5 feet, and the distance between seeds in a row was 6 inches. Nitrogen application was made on March 29, 2022 at the treatment-specified rates (Low: 75 lbs/acre, Medium: 150 lbs/acre, High: 225 lbs/acre) with urea ammonium nitrate (32-0-0) Conventional tillage was done prior to planting.

Inbred HIPS field

Plots in the Inbred HIPS field were 10 feet long center to center, including 7.5 feet of plants and 2.5 feet of alley. The planting date was May 5, 2022. Plots were hand-harvested (4 ears per plot) on October 8, 2022. The previous crop in the field was soybeans. The GPS coordinates for the field corners were:

NE corner: 40°51’32.96”N, 96°35’50.40”W
SW corner: 40°51’31.39”N, 96°35’54.10”W
NW Corner: 40°51’32.93”N, 96°35’54.10”W
SE Corner: 40°51’31.44”N, 96°35’50.36”W

Plots were two-row plots, and the field contained 16 plots (160 feet) north to south and 58 plots (290 feet) east to west.

Hybrid HIPS field

Plots in the Hybrid HIPS field were 20 feet long center to center, including 17.5 feet of plants and 2.5 feet of alley. The planting date was May 22, 2022. Plots were hand-harvested (4 ears per plot) on October 1, 2022 and combine harvested on October 10, 2022. The previous crop in the field was maize. The GPS coordinates for the field corners were:

NE corner: 40°51’8.59”N, 96°36’50.26”W
SW corner: 40°51’7.25”N, 96°37’0.54”W
NW Corner: 40°51’8.70”N, 96°37’0.52”W
SE Corner: 40°51’7.12”N, 96°36’50.29”W

The field was 150 feet north to south and 800 feet east to west. Differential weed pressure existed throughout the field according to James.

Missouri Valley 2022

175 lbs of urea was applied on both the hybrid and inbred fields in this location. The nitrogen fertilizer was applied on June 6, 2022. The field latitude is 41.671747 N and the longitude is -95.943982 W. The fields were not irrigated. Planting was completed on April 29, 2022 and the harvest was completed on October 11, 2022. The previous crop for was corn.

Inbred HIPS field

There were 752 plots (376 plots per replication) in this field. The plots were two-row plots. The plot numbers shown in the image correspond to those used in the QR codes.

Hybrid HIPS field

There were 176 plots (88 plots per replication) in this field. The plots were four-row plots.

The plot numbers shown in the image correspond to those used in the QR codes. The QR codes mis-assigned the replicate numbers. These have been fixed in the dataset.

North Platte 2022

Only the Hybrid HIPS population was grown at this location. Plot numbers are unique across the North Platte location, but range and row numbers were duplicated in each field. Each field is a different irrigation treatment. To account for this, the location was split in 3 by irrigation treatment in the data. North Platte1 is the full irrigation field; North Platte2 is the partial irrigation field, and North Platte3 is the dryland, i.e. rainfed, field. The plots were 4-row, 20 foot plots, with 17 feet of the plot planted and 3 feet of alley. Nitrogen treatments were blocked within each irrigation treatment. The full irrigation field was planted on May 17, 2022, and harvested on October 21, 2022 and November 1, 2022 with planted plot lengths of 17.5 feet. The partial irrigation field was planted on May 17, 2022 and harvested October 26 - 28, 2022 with planted plot lengths of 17.5 feet. The dryland field was planted on May 18, 2022 and harvested on October 19-21 and 24, 2022 with planted plot lengths of 17 feet. The previous crop was soybeans. Nitrogen was applied on June 16, 2022 as 32-0-0 with a 360 Y drop applicator.

In the image above, the blue rectangle is the approximate location of the full irrigation field, the yellow rectangle is the approximate location of the partial irrigation field, and the red rectangle is the approximate location of the dryland field.

The irrigation amounts and timing for the full and partial fields is as follows:

Scottsbluff 2022

The field was irrigated for one hour from 4:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. every Friday evening, for a total of 16.86 inches of irrigation provided over the growing season.. The row spacing was 30”. In-field measurements (flowering time, height data, and combine yield measurements) use the range-row system defined in the sheet ‘Layout (Original)’ of the files ‘Scottsbluff Hybrid HIPS - Summary.xlsx’ and ‘Scottsbluff Inbred HIPS - Summary.xlsx’. In the data, these range-row assignments were dropped in favor of using the range-row assignments listed in the QR codes and used by the ear phenotype and NIR grain composition measurements, which better capture the spatial distance between plots where there are border plots. The geographic location within the field of a plot by its plot number is the same in both layouts, but the range-row numbering is different. The range-row system used in the QR codes and the data is depicted in the sheet ‘Layout (Modified)’ of the files ‘Scottsbluff Hybrid HIPS - Summary’ and ‘Scottsbluff Inbred HIPS - Summary.xlsx’, and shown in the image below. ‘Fill’ is equivalent to ‘Border’ at other locations. The field was planted north to south and together, the inbred and hybrid fields are 625 feet north to south. The fields were planted on May 19, 2022. A combination of 10-34-0 (NPK) liquid fertilizer and urea were applied to meet the nitrogen treatment level requirements, as shown below. Urea applications were made on July 8, 2022. Both field layouts denote that planting of the hybrid plots started in the southeast corner of the field; however, the correlations between two replicates of a genotype within a treatment indicate that planting started in the southwest corner of the field. The inbreds were still located directly to the west of the hybrids. In the corrected layout, plot 1001 is in the SW corner of the field, plot 1025 is in the NW corner of the field, the NE corner of the field is a fill plot, and plot 1491 is in the SE corner of the field. The previous crop was dry beans.

Inbred HIPS field

The plots were 10 foot (7.5 feet planted), 2-row plots. This field was very weedy according to Ramesh.

Hybrid HIPS field

Based on yield data and grain protein content, it was determined that the labels in the QR codes for the high and low nitrogen treatments were reversed. The QR codes in the data reflect the content of the original QR codes, and the nitrogen treatment variable reflects the actual level of nitrogen the plot received. The plots were 25 foot (22.5 feet planted), 4-row plots and the middle two rows were harvested.

Crawfordsville 2022

These fields were planted on May 11, 2022 and harvested on October 7, 2022. Both the inbred and hybrid fields had 3 nitrogen treatments (High, Medium, and Low). The field coordinates were 41.199066, -91.486991. The nitrogen treatments were applied on June 2, 2022 using 32% UAN.

Field A - Low and High Nitrogen

Low nitrogen is to the west in these maps. The previous crop was soybeans.

Field B - Medium Nitrogen

The previous crop was soybeans.

Ames 2022

These fields were planted on May 23, 2022 and harvested on October 16, 2022. Both the inbred and hybrid fields had 3 nitrogen treatments (High, Medium, and Low). The High and Medium nitrogen treatments for both hybrids and inbreds were located in the B1 field. The Low nitrogen treatments for both hybrids and inbreds were located in the E1 field.

B1

This field was planted on May 22, 2022. Nitrogen was applied using urea and 32% UAN on May 17, 2022, and June 1, 2022. The field coordinates were 42.015354, -93.732519. The previous crop was corn.

E1

This field was planted on May 23, 2022. Nitrogen was applied using urea on May 21, 2022. The field coordinates were 42.012376, -93.737301. The previous crop was soybeans.

North Platte 2023

Plots were 4 row plots with 30” row spacing and were 20 feet center to center, including 17.5 feet of plants and 2.5 feet of alley. Nitrogen was applied on 6/15/23, 150 lb/a N as 32-0-0 surface applied with Y-Drop applicator. The previous crop was was soybean. The field had 8 underground irrigation zones randomized within each of 4 blocks. 5 of the zones were set to irrigate with 4.5 inches of irrigation over the growing season, and 3 of the zones applied 0 inches of irrigation. The field coordinates were 41.086705°, -100.775034° and plots were planted on May 10, 2023. Hand harvesting was done on October 11, 2023, and mechanical harvest was done on October 19, 2023.

There was significant hail damage the night of July 22-23, during the middle of the tasseling period.

Lincoln 2023

All plots had 30 inch row spacing and 2.5 ft alleys. The field coordinates were 40.859683°, -96.596310°. The previous crop was soybeans.

Hybrid HIPS field

The field was planted on May 16, 2023. 3 rates of nitrogen (75, 150, and 225 lbs/acre) were applied as liquid urea. Plots were 4-row plots, 20 feet center to center. Hand harvest was completed on September 25, 2023 and mechanical harvesting was done on October 23, 2023.

Inbred HIPS field

The field was planted on May 9, 2023. A single rate of nitrogen (150 lbs/acre) was applied as liquid urea. Plots were 2-row plots. Hand harvest was completed on September 30, 2023. Plots were 10 feet center to center with 2.5 ft alleys.

Missouri Valley 2023

The field coordinates were 41.671045°, -95.945240°. The row spacing was 30” and the previous crop was soybean. A single nitrogen rate (160 lbs/acre) was applied with NH3. Both inbred and hybrid fields were planted May 2, 2023. Hand harvest for both fields was completed on September 17, 2023.

Hybrid HIPS field

Plots were 20 feet center to center, with 2.5 ft alleys, and 4 rows. Mechanical harvest was completed on September 25, 2023.

Inbred HIPS field

Plots were 10 feet center to center, with 2.5 ft alleys, and 2 rows.

Ames 2023

The field coordinates were 42.014654°, -93.728797°. The previous crop was soybeans. Both inbreds and hybrids were planted on May 19, 2023. 3 rates of nitrogen (75, 150 and 225 lbs/acre) were applied with 32% UAN. Row spacing was 30”. In the map, hybrids are located between the sets of inbreds.

Hybrid HIPS field

Plots were 4 row plots, 20 feet center to center with 2.5 ft alleys. Hand harvest was completed on October 15, 2023. Mechanical harvest was completed on October 19, 2023.

Inbred HIPS field

Plots were 2 row plots, 10 feet center to center with 2.5 ft alleys. Hand harvest was completed between October 17 and November 16, 2023.

Crawfordsville 2023

The field coordinates were 41.194394°, -91.478950°. The previous crop was soybeans. Both inbreds and hybrids were planted on May 4, 2023. 3 rates of nitrogen (75, 150 and 225 lbs/acre) were applied with 32% UAN. Row spacing was 30”. In the map, hybrids are located between the sets of inbreds.

Hybrid HIPS field

Plots were 4 row plots, 20 feet center to center with 2.5 ft alleys. Hand harvest was completed on between September 29 and October 1, 2023. Mechanical harvest was completed on October 2, 2023.

Inbred HIPS field

Plots were 2 row plots, 10 feet center to center with 2.5 ft alleys. Hand harvest was completed on between September 29 and October 1, 2023.

Lincoln 2024

Location: University of Nebraska-Lincoln Havelock Research Farm
Field Block 2-15 Latitude: 40.863628 Longitude: -96.600976

Field Design: Seed was generated, packaged, and supplied by Lisa Coffey at ISU (lmcoffey@iastate.edu) 4 total blocks (replications), 2 N+ and 2 N- N- Blocks - No supplemental nitrogen applied N+ Blocks - 150 lbs/acre of N applied 128 experimental plots/block (127 genotypes + 1 extra rep of [Std Q60 x M441D] as a planting check Four-row plots 30” row spacing 21 feet (center of alley to center of alley), 18 feet 6 inches (planted length)

Planting/Germination/Harvest Issues:
Planting: GPS disconnection caused a shift in Row 51 Ranges 1-10 towards the front of the field, Gap at Row 51, Range 10, filled with commercial seed, last experimental plot (originally Row 51, Range 2) in Range 1 (Border) Germination: 10 Plots with little/no germination: 1031, 1122, 1163, 1183, 1203,1238, 2064, 2094, 2216, 2255 Germination: 1 Plot - left two row did not germinate but right looked good: 2038 Harvest: Plots 2158 and 2163 combined together (mixed) during harvest, Yield data discarded

Field Management: Corn/Soybean crop rotation - soybeans in 2023 4/8/24 - 150 lbs/acre of liquid urea applied to N+ blocks 5/8/24 - 64 fl oz/acre Acuron + 32 fl oz/acre Liberty applied 5/15/24 - Field Planted 6/7/24 - Low/no germination plots filled with commercial hybrid seed (P1185AM) 6/10/24 - 48 fl oz/acre Acuron + NIS applied 6/18/24 - 6/20/24 - Field hand-weeded, canopy formed shortly after, no further weed issues 9/26/24 - Field Harvested UNL Farms (Josh Reznicek) with 2-row plot combine

Data Collection:
6/28/24 and 6/30/24 - Stand Count: Recorded hand-counts of the number of plants in the middle two rows of a plot in FieldBook 7/7/24 to 8/2/24 - Male Flowering: Recorded the date the plot reached the half-bloom stage (50% of plants have anthers emerging) in FieldBook 7/8/24 to 8/2/24 - Female Flowering: Recorded the date the plot reached the half-bloom stage (50% of plants have silks emerging) in FieldBook 7/31/24 - Chlorophyll Concentration: Collected using Apogee MC-100 Chlorophyll Concetration Meter, Fourth leaf from the top of the plant measured (flag leaf is 1st leaf) at roughly the midpoint of leaf (long) and the midpoint between midrib and leaf edge, Recorded the average of 3 plants per in FieldBook, Measured in absolute units [µmol m-2] 9/20/24 and 9/24/24 - Ear Height: Recorded the height of the ear of three plants per plot in FieldBook, Measured in feet using a ruled scale, Average of the three values calculated during data processing 9/20/24 and 9/24/24 - Plant Height: Recorded the height of three plants per plot in FieldBook, Measured from the ground to the tip of the tassel in feet using a ruled scale, Average of the three values calculated during data processing 9/20/24 and 9/24/24 - Lodging Percentage: If plots appear significantly lodged to the point of affecting combine data (>50% lodged), the lodging percentage was visually estimated and recorded in FieldBook. If the plots were only slightly lodged, “Stem Lodged” counts were divided by “Stand Count” to calculated a lodging percentage 9/20/24 and 9/24/24 - Stem Lodged: If plots had partial lodging (less than 50%), stem lodged plants in the middle two rows were counted and recorded, Stem lodging was defined as plants broken below the primary ear 9/26/24 - Yield: The middle two rows of each plot were harvested using a Zurn 160 Plot Combine by Josh Reznicek, Weight, Moisture, and Test Weight data was recorded by the combine software (Harvest Master’s Mirus Data Collection software, Yield was calculated from weight and moisture (plots weights adjusted to a standarized 15.5% moisture, divided by plot area (92.5ft2) and divided by 43560 to get lbs/acre, divided by 56 to get Bushels/acre

Weather Station: 6/5/24 - Weather station installed 6/5/24 to 6/27/24 - Wind direction vane not properly calibrated, wind direction during this time period is innacurate, DISCARDED 6/7/24 to 6/27/24 - Wind speed fan removed to replacing missing fan on Clearwater unit. Wind speed during this time period is innaccurate, DISCARDED

Severe Weather Events: 7/1/24 to 7/2/24 - Significant wind/rainfall event; Weather station showed a 24 hour precipitation total of 1.89” at 9am on 7/1/24, Weather station showed a 24 hour precipitation total of 6.26” at 7am on 7/2/24, Reports of 5”+ in Havelock during the night/early morning of 7/2/24 alone, Field flooded, flood damage occurred in low-lying plots, Water damaged plots indicated in the plot notes, Some lodging but largely recovered 7/31/24 - Significant wind/rain event, Weather Station showed a 24 hour precipitation total of 1.92” at 10am on 8/1/24, Reports of 75-90 mph winds, Significant lodging occurred and was noted in FieldBook

Other/Misc. Planting issue in Border rows (67 and 68) due to micommunication. Row 68 Ranges 19 and 20, and Row 67 Rang 20 were empty and filled with B104 inbred seed. This did not affect the experiemntal design Accuron should be applied at the optimal time to achieve desired weed control. The optimal time would be as weed seedling emerge and at appropriate soil moisture (4-5 days after rain) Low-yielding plots did not have enough grain (Minimum 4lbs) to measure moisture/test weight. These values were reported as 0s in the combine data and were replaced with NAs to avoid confusion

Clearwater 2024

Location: Apex Custom Research Enterprises (A.C.R.E.) (nick@apexcustomresearchenterprises.com) Clearwater, Nebraska Latitude: 42.204116 Longitude: - -98.246518

Field Design: Seed was generated, packaged, and supplied by Lisa Coffey at ISU (lmcoffey@iastate.edu) 2 total blocks (replications) 128 experimental plots/block (127 genotypes + 1 extra rep of [Std Q60 x M441D] as a check) Four-row plots 30” row spacing 20 feet (center of alley to center of alley), 17 feet (planted length) Managed tp popcorn production standards, Pesticide, fertilizer, and irrigation outlined below

Planting Issues: Planting error in Row 17 Range 13, missed planting, gap at Row 17 Range 13, Plots shifted towards front of the field, last experimental plot (originally Row 17 Range 2) now in Range 1 (Border) 6 Plots with little/no germination: 5032, 5030, 5077, 6016, 6092, 6103

Field Management: Soybeans planted in 2023, Rye cover crop prior to 2024 season Total fertilizer application (lb/acre): N-P-K = 254-76-83 4/2/24 - Dry fertilizer application: 102.4 lbs/acre Potash (0-0-60, 61 lbs/acre K), 116.9 lbs/acre MESZ (12-40-0-10S-1ZN, 14 lb/acre N, 46 lb/acre P, 11.7 lb/acre S, 1.2 lb/acre ZN), 37.9 lb/acre KMAG (0-0-21.5-21.5-10.5, 8 lb/acre K, 8 lb/acre Mg, 4 lb/acre S) 4/20/14 - Burndown herbicide and N application: 16 oz/acre 2-4D LV6 AS 2.5G, 40 oz/acre Roundup Powermax 3, 51 lb/acre ammonium sulfate (21-0-0-24S, 11 lb/acre N, 12.2 lb/acre S) 5/3/24 - Field planted and dry fertilizer application: 24.8 lb/acre Potashh (0-0-60, 14 lb/acre K), 59.4 lb/acre MESZ (12-40-0-10S-1ZN, 9 lb/acre N, 30 lb/acre P, 7.5 lb/acre S, 0.75 lb/acre ZN) 5/18/24 - Herbicide and fertilizer application: 16 oz/acre 2-4D LV6 AS 2.5G, 4 oz/acre Arctic 3.2EC MB, 1 lb/acre, Harness Extra 6.0 Bulk, 20 gal/acre Liquid N (32-0-0, 59.4 lb/acre N), 2.6 gal/acre Thiosulfate (12-0-0-26S, 3 lb/acre N, 6.5 lb/acre S), 6/12/24 - Herbicide and fertilizer application: 1.8 oz/acre Accent Q, 1.5 lb/acre Atrazine 90DF Winfield, 3 oz/acre Laudis, 51 lb/acre ammonium sulfate (21-0-0-24S, 11 lb/acre N, 12.2 lb/acre S) 6/18/24 - Field cultivated, fertigation: 10.6 gal/acre Advancedf Liquid N (28-0-0-5S, 32.2 lb/acre N, 5.8 lb/acre S) 6/28/2024 - Fertigation: 11.4 gal/acre Advancedf Liquid N (28-0-0-5S, 34.2 lb/acre N, 6.1 lb/acre S) 7/11/2024 - Fertigation: 11.3 gal/acre Advancedf Liquid N (28-0-0-5S, 33.8 lb/acre N, 6 lb/acre S) 7/16/2024 - Fertigation: 10.6 gal/acre Advancedf Liquid N (28-0-0-5S, 31.7 lb/acre N, 5.7 lb/acre S) 8/8/2024 - Fertigation: 4.9 gal/acre Advancedf Liquid N (28-0-0-5S, 14.6 lb/acre N, 2.6 lb/acre S) 10/9/24 and 10/10/24 - Harvested

Irrigation: Approximately 16” of supplemental irrigation from July-September (~1.5” per week), Center-pivot irrigation system

Data Collection:
Populations: Recorded the number of plants in the middle two rows of the plot, dived that number by 2 to get an average stand per row, and this multiplied this value by 1000 (1 row is ~1/1000 acre) to get populations in plants/acre Standability and Std %: Visually rated plots from 0-10 - SEE SCALE BELOW), The std% is the square of the standability rating, 0 = no lodging (all plants standing), 2 = 4% lodged, 3 = 9% lodged, 4 = 16% lodged, 5 = 25% lodged, 6 = 36% lodged, 7 = 49% lodged, 8 = 64% lodged, 9 = 81% lodged, 10 = 100% lodged (all plants lodged/broken/on ground) 7/8/24 to 7/23/24 - Male Flowering: Recored the date the plot reached the half-bloom stage (50% of plants have anthers emerging) 7/10/24 to 7/24/24 - Female Flowering: Recorded the date the plot reached the half-bloom stage (50% of plants have silks emerging) 10/9/24 to 10/10/24 - Yield: The middle two rows of each plot were harvested with a plot combine by Nick Hoffman of A.C.R.E., Weight, Moisture and yield data was recorded by the combine software

Weather Station: 6/10/24 - Weather station installed

Severe Weather Events: One small wind event which did not do much damage, some corn borer pressure but not excessive

Other/Misc.: Wildlife (raccoons) predated certain plots, damaging plants, removing ears and reducing yield. These plots are indicated with a “wildlife damage” note in the Notes column, Damage was first noticed after flowering, Nick Hoffman orignally thought the damage was limited to 1-2 hybrids in both reps, Damage ended up being more extensive with Nick observing more damage to “white multicolered hybrids”, Trial was surrounded by popcorn, Raccoons appeared to much prefer field corn, Particulary palatable hybrids targeted. Some plots were nearly 100% damaged while adjacent plots appeared untouched; Nick describes the trial’s proximity to a riparian area as a contributing factor. He was unsure of the best method of controlling raccoons or what level of damage warranted further action and none was taken. Nick was disappoitned by this and did not forsee this issue as this was his first year with the business/field. Minor corn borer pressure, not excessive

Additional Data Available

Upon request, the following data is available:

Appendix

Documentation for Additional Data Available

Leaf Length

This is the length in centimeters of the ear leaf from the stalk to leaf tip of one plant from the plot. It is abbreviated as ‘leaf_len1’. This information for the Lincoln location was taken from the sheet ‘Combined Dataset’ in the file ‘Summary of Lincoln Hybrid HIPS 2022 Data.xlsx’.

Leaf Width

This is the width in centimeters of the midpoint of the ear leaf of one plant from the plot. It is abbreviated as ‘leafWidth1’. This information for the Lincoln location was taken from the sheet ‘Combined Dataset’ in the file ‘Summary of Lincoln Hybrid HIPS 2022 Data.xlsx’.

Ear

This is the order the ears were phenotyped. It is abbreviated in the code as ‘earNum’, but does not appear in the final dataset as the ear data was transformed to have four columns each for ear width, kernel fill length, kernel row number, kernels per row, ear weight, seed color, total kernel count, cob length, cob width, cob weight, and 100 kernel weight. These variables with the suffix ‘1’ correspond to ears with an ear number of 1 in the dataset, and this convention is maintained for the variable suffixes 2-4. All ears with an ear number greater than 4 were dropped to create a balanced dataset.

Ear Weight

This is the weight of one ear from the plot in grams prior to shelling (i.e. with the kernels attached to the cob). This corresponds to the ear with an ear number of 1 from the original dataset. It is abbreviated as ‘earWt1’. This information for Lincoln hybrids, Missouri Valley hybrids and inbreds, and some of the North Platte location, was taken from the file ‘2022_Hybrid HIPS - Post Harvest Data - Prototype File.csv’. Information for the remaining ears from North Platte and the Scottsbluff hybrids were taken from the file ‘NP-SB_2022’.

Ear Drop Number

This is the number of ears that fell to the ground in the middle two rows of the plot for hybrids. It is abbreviated as ‘earDropNum’. This information for North Platte was taken from the sheets ‘No Irr Data’, ‘Reduced Irr Data’, and ‘Full Data’ in the file ‘2022_Schnable_HIPS_data_v4.xlsx’.

Stand Count 1

This is the number of standing plants in one row of the plot. It is abbreviated as ‘standCt1’. This information for Missouri Valley was taken from the sheets ‘RawData (4-Row)’ and ‘RawData (2-Row)’ for hybrids and inbreds, respectively, in the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’. This information for North Platte was taken from the sheets ‘No Irr Data’, ‘Reduced Irr Data’, and ‘Full Data’ in the file ‘2022_Schnable_HIPS_data_v4.xlsx’.

Stand Count 2

This is the number of standing plants in a second row of the plot. It is abbreviated as ‘standCt2’. This information for Missouri Valley was taken from the sheets ‘RawData (4-Row)’ and ‘RawData (2-Row)’ for hybrids and inbreds, respectively, in the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’. This information for North Platte was taken from the sheets ‘No Irr Data’, ‘Reduced Irr Data’, and ‘Full Data’ in the file ‘2022_Schnable_HIPS_data_v4.xlsx’.

Historical Flowering Time

This is the historical flowering time, in days, of the inbred and was used to for blocking the inbreds. It is abbreviated as ‘histFT’. This information was taken from the sheet ‘RawData (2-Row)’ in the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’.

Historical Plant Height

This is the historical plant height, in centimeters, of the inbred, and was used for blocking the inbreds. It is abbreviated as ‘histPlantHt’. This information was taken from the sheet ‘RawData (2-Row)’ in the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’.

Inbred Block

This is the block the inbred was placed in based on historical plant height and days to flowering. It is abbreviated as ‘block’. This information was taken from the sheet ‘RawData (2-Row)’ in the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’.

Population

This is the genotypic population the plants grown in the plot are from, either the Hybrid HIPS population, abbreviated as ‘Hybrid’, or the Inbred HIPS population, also known as the SAM population, abbreviated as ‘Inbred’. It is abbreviated as ‘population’.

Ear Length - Pre-Shelling

This is the mean length of the ear prior to shelling (i.e. with the kernels on the ear) of one ear from the plot. It is abbreviated as ‘earLen’. This information for the Ames and Crawfordsville locations was taken from the files in the folder ‘3 Ear Traits Station’ and converted from millimeters to centimeters. For these two locations, when the ear had severe bending, a string was used to measure the length and this is denoted in the notes field. This data was not collected at the North Platte, Scottsbluff, Lincoln, and Missouri Valley locations.

Tassel Tip Height

This is the height in centimeters of the plant, including the tassel, of one plant from the plot (in the case of Scottsbluff) or the average of this measurement for two plants from the plot in Lincoln. All measurements from plants noted as stunted or without a silk were marked as missing data prior to calculation. It is abbreviated as ‘tasselTipHt’. This information for the Lincoln location hybrids was taken from the sheet ‘Combined Dataset’ in the file ‘Summary of Lincoln Hybrid HIPS 2022 Data.xlsx’. For Scottsbluff hybrids, this data was taken from the sheet ‘Hybrid_height data’ from the file ‘Corn_data_Scottsbluff-2022_rk_11.11.2022’ and converted from inches. Plot 1322 at the Scottsbluff location was dropped due to having a value more than 114 centimeters (roughly 3.7 feet) greater than all other observations.

KernelStriping

This is whether or not the kernels from the plot exhibited striping. It is abbreviated as ‘kernelStriping’. This information for hybrids and Missouri Valley inbreds was taken from the file ‘plotleveleardata_v2.csv’. This information was not collected for the Ames and Crawfordsville locations.

Percent Shoot Lodge

This is the percent of plants that lodged due to stalk breakage in the middle two rows of the plot for hybrids and in the whole plot for inbreds. It is abbreviated as ‘pctStalkLodge’. This information for Missouri Valley, Crawfordsville, and Ames was taken from the sheets ‘RawData (4-Row)’ and ‘RawData (2-Row)’ for hybrids and inbreds, respectively, in the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’. This information for North Platte was taken from the sheets ‘No Irr Data’, ‘Reduced Irr Data’, and ‘Full Data’ in the file ‘2022_Schnable_HIPS_data_v4.xlsx’.

Percent Root Lodge

This is the percent of plants that lodged due to insufficient roots in the middle two rows of the plot for hybrids and in the whole plot for inbreds. It is abbreviated as ‘pctStalkLodge’. This information for Missouri Valley, Crawfordsville, and Ames was taken from the sheets ‘RawData (4-Row)’ and ‘RawData (2-Row)’ for hybrids and inbreds, respectively, in the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’. This information for North Platte was taken from the sheets ‘No Irr Data’, ‘Reduced Irr Data’, and ‘Full Data’ in the file ‘2022_Schnable_HIPS_data_v4.xlsx’.

latitude

This is the latitude of the plot. This information for Missouri Valley, Crawfordsville, and Ames was taken from the sheets ‘RawData (4-Row)’ and ‘RawData (2-Row)’ for hybrids and inbreds, respectively, in the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’.

longitude

This is the longitude of the plot. This information for Missouri Valley, Crawfordsville, and Ames was taken from the sheets ‘RawData (4-Row)’ and ‘RawData (2-Row)’ for hybrids and inbreds, respectively, in the file ‘YTMC_Lisa_Plot_Coordinates_v4.xlsx’.

HIPS README

Jensina Davis

2025-03-19

Variable Definitions And Notes

qrCode

location

sublocation

irrigationProvided

nitrogenTreatment

poundsOfNitrogenPerAcre

experiment

plotLength

totalStandCount

block

row

range

plotNumber

genotype

plantingDate

anthesisDate

silkDate

daysToAnthesis

daysToSilk

anthesisSilkingInterval

GDDToAnthesis

GDDToSilk

anthesisSilkingIntervalGDD

earHeight

flagLeafHeight

plantDensity

combineYield

yieldPerAcre

combineMoisture

combineTestWeight

earLength

earFillLength

earWidth

shelledCobWidth

kernelsPerRow

kernelRowNumber

kernelsPerEar

hundredKernelMass

kernelMassPerEar

shelledCobMass

percentMoisture

percentStarch

percentProtein

percentOil

percentFiber

percentAsh

kernelColor

percentLodging

harvestDate

notes

Location Notes

Lincoln 2022

Inbred HIPS field

Hybrid HIPS field

Missouri Valley 2022

Inbred HIPS field

Hybrid HIPS field

North Platte 2022

Scottsbluff 2022

Inbred HIPS field

Hybrid HIPS field

Crawfordsville 2022

Field A - Low and High Nitrogen

Field B - Medium Nitrogen

Ames 2022

B1

E1

North Platte 2023

Lincoln 2023

Hybrid HIPS field

Inbred HIPS field

Missouri Valley 2023

Hybrid HIPS field

Inbred HIPS field

Ames 2023

Hybrid HIPS field